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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thermococci</span></h1>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="float-right taxobox infobox" id="Vorlage_Taxobox" style="width:300px;margin-top:0.5em;" summary="Taxobox">
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<th>Thermococci
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<td class="taxo-bild" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p><i><a href="Thermococcus_gammatolerans" title="Thermococcus gammatolerans">Thermococcus gammatolerans</a></i>
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<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>
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<tbody><tr>
<td><i><a href="Dom%C3%A4ne_(Biologie)" title="Domäne (Biologie)">Domäne</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Archaeen" title="Archaeen">Archaeen</a> (Archaea)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Reich_(Biologie)" title="Reich (Biologie)">Reich</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Methanobacteriati" title="Methanobacteriati">Methanobacteriati</a>
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<td><i><a href="Abteilung_(Biologie)" title="Abteilung (Biologie)">Abteilung</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Methanobacteriota" title="Methanobacteriota">Methanobacteriota</a><sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/Methanobacteriota_B<sup id="cite_ref-gtdb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtdb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<td><i><a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klasse</a>:</i>
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<td>Thermococci
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<tr>
<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
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<td class="taxo-name">Thermococci
</td></tr>
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<td class="Person"><a href="Wolfram_Zillig" title="Wolfram Zillig">Zillig</a> &amp; Reysenbach 2002<sup id="cite_ref-Zillig2001_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zillig2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<p>Die <b>Thermococci</b> (<a href="Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache">deutsch</a> „Thermokokken“, Synonym <b>Protoarchaea</b><sup id="cite_ref-TCS2002_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCS2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) sind eine <a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klasse</a> von <a href="Archaeen" title="Archaeen">Archaeen</a> im <a href="Phylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylum">Phylum</a> <a href="Methanobacteriota" title="Methanobacteriota">Methanobacteriota</a> (früher „Euryarchaeota“; in der <a href="GTDB" class="mw-redirect" title="GTDB">GTDB</a> in einer Abspaltung Methanobacteriota_B).
Die Thermococcales bilden eine allgemein anerkannte <a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung (Biologie)</a> innerhalb der Thermococci.<sup id="cite_ref-Garrity2001_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garrity2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OneZoom_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OneZoom-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WoRMS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoRMS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thermococcales">Thermococcales</h2></div>
<p>Die Ordnung <b>Thermococcales</b> umfasst nur die Familie <b>Thermococcaceae</b> mit ca. 40 oder mehr <a href="Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie)">Spezies</a> (Arten), was sie zu einer der zahlreichsten Familie in der <a href="Dom%C3%A4ne_(Biologie)" title="Domäne (Biologie)">Domäne</a> der Archaeen macht, wobei bisher wahrscheinlich nur ein kleiner Teil der natürlich vorkommenden Arten dieser Gruppe untersucht ist.<sup id="cite_ref-Slobodkina2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slobodkina2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Diese Organismen sind <a href="Hyperthermophile" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperthermophile">hyperthermophil</a>, d.&nbsp;h. sie leben in extrem heißen Umgebungen (z.&nbsp;B. in <a href="Hydrothermalquelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrothermalquelle">Hydrothermalquellen</a>) bei optimalen Wachstumstemperaturen von über 80&nbsp;°C.<sup id="cite_ref-Zillig2001_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zillig2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In solchen <a href="Meer" title="Meer">marinen</a> Umgebungen sind sie weit verbreitet.
Thermococci gehören zu den am häufigsten isolierten Organismen aus <a href="Raucher_(Hydrothermie)" title="Raucher (Hydrothermie)">hydrothermalen Schloten</a> in der <a href="Tiefsee" title="Tiefsee">Tiefsee</a>.
Vertreter wurden auch aus Ölfeldvorkommen und flachen hydrothermalen Meeresgebieten isoliert, allerdings noch nie von hydrothermalen Quellen an Land.
Bei Ausbrüchen unterseeischer Vulkane wurden Thermococci in hohen Konzentrationen im umgebenden Meerwasser nachgewiesen.
</p><p>Die <a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattungen</a> <i><a href="Thermococcus" title="Thermococcus">Thermococcus</a></i> und <i><a href="Pyrococcus" title="Pyrococcus">Pyrococcus</a></i> (wörtlich „Wärmeball“ und „Feuerball“) sind beide obligat <a href="Anaerob" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaerob">anaerobe</a> <a href="Chemoorganotrophie" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemoorganotrophie">Chemoorganotrophe</a>. <i>Thermococcus</i> bevorzugt 70–95&nbsp;°C und <i>Pyrococcus</i> 70–100&nbsp;°C.<sup id="cite_ref-Fiala1986_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiala1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marguet2013_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marguet2013-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<i>Thermococcus gammatolerans</i> wurde beispielsweise im <a href="Guaymas-Becken" title="Guaymas-Becken">Guaymas-Becken</a> entdeckt und wächst bei Temperaturen von 55–95&nbsp;°C (optimale 88&nbsp;°C) bei einem optimalen <a href="PH-Wert" title="PH-Wert">pH-Wert</a> von 6. Diese <a href="Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie)">Spezies</a> (Art) hat eine ausgeprägte <a href="Strahlenresistenz#Biologie_und_Medizin" title="Strahlenresistenz">Strahlungsresistenz</a> und kann <a href="Gammastrahlung" title="Gammastrahlung">Gammastrahlung</a> von 30&nbsp;<a href="Gray" title="Gray">kGy</a> (Kilo-Gray) überleben.<sup id="cite_ref-Jolivet2003_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolivet2003-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Vertreter der Gattung <i>Thermococcus</i> wurden auch in terrestrischen hydrothermalen Gewässern in <a href="Neuseeland" title="Neuseeland">Neuseeland</a> gefunden.<sup id="cite_ref-Miroshnichenko1998_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miroshnichenko1998-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<i>Palaeococcus helgesonii</i> aus dem <a href="Tyrrhenisches_Meer" title="Tyrrhenisches Meer">Tyrrhenischen Meer</a> ist ein <i><a href="Aerob" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerob">aerober</a></i> <a href="Chemotrophie" title="Chemotrophie">chemoheterotropher</a> Organismus, der bei Temperaturen von 45–85&nbsp;°C (optimal 80&nbsp;°C) wächst.<sup id="cite_ref-Amend2003_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amend2003-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rogers2006_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers2006-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Mit Stand 2012 lagen keine Daten zur Besiedlung von Thermokokken Niedrigtemperatur-<a href="%C3%96kosystem" title="Ökosystem">Ökosystemen</a> sowie in Umgebungen mit hohem oder niedrigem pH-Wert vor.<sup id="cite_ref-Slobodkina2012_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slobodkina2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methanophastidiosales">Methanophastidiosales</h2></div>
<p><b>Methanophastidiosales</b><sup id="cite_ref-gtdb_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtdb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ist eine vorgeschlagene Bezeichnung für eine Gruppe von Euryarchaeota im taxonomischen Rang einer Ordnung, die ursprünglich WSA2 oder Arc&nbsp;I genannt wurde. Diese Archaeen gelten als die ersten entdeckten <a href="Methanbildner" title="Methanbildner">Methanbildner</a>, das sich auf die <a href="Methanogenese" title="Methanogenese">Methanogenese</a> durch <a href="Reduktion_(Chemie)" title="Reduktion (Chemie)">Reduktion</a> von <a href="Methyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl">methyliertem</a> <a href="Thiole" title="Thiole">Thiol</a> beschränken. <a href="Genomanalyse" class="mw-redirect" title="Genomanalyse">Genomanalysen</a> zeigen, dass ihnen <a href="Stoffwechselweg" title="Stoffwechselweg">Stoffwechselwege</a> zur <a href="Kohlenstofffixierung" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohlenstofffixierung">Kohlenstofffixierung</a>, <a href="Stickstofffixierung" title="Stickstofffixierung">Stickstofffixierung</a> und <a href="Biosynthese" title="Biosynthese">Biosynthese</a> vieler <a href="Aminos%C3%A4uren" title="Aminosäuren">Aminosäuren</a> fehlen. Als Kohlenstoffquelle können sie <a href="Acetat" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetat">Acetat</a>, <a href="Malonat" class="mw-redirect" title="Malonat">Malonat</a> und <a href="Propionat" class="mw-redirect" title="Propionat">Propionat</a> verwenden.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobu2016_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobu2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Diese Archaeen finden sich in <a href="Brackwasser" title="Brackwasser">brackigen</a> Meeressedimenten, <a href="Hydrothermal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrothermal">hydrothermalen</a> Sedimenten, mesophilen anaeroben <a href="Fermenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermenter">Fermentern</a>, in <a href="Kl%C3%A4ranlage" title="Kläranlage">Kläranlagenwasser</a> und -sedimenten, Deponiesickerwasser, erdölkontaminiertem Grundwasser usw.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobu2016_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobu2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Taxonomie dieser Gruppe als Ordnung der Klasse Thermococci ist noch in der Diskussion; eine andere Klassifizierung ist als eigene Klasse Methanofastidiosa<sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_Methanofastidiosa_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN_Methanofastidiosa-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> innerhalb einer Stenosarchaea genannten Euryarchaeota-<a href="Klade" title="Klade">Klade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_Methanofastidiosa_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_Methanofastidiosa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematik">Systematik</h2></div>
<p>Mit Stand Dezember 2021 hat die Klasse Thermococci die eine allgemein akzeptierte <a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a> Thermo­coccales;<sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WoRMS_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoRMS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
zudem wurde vorgeschlagen, eine weitere Ordnung Methanofastidiosales in die Klasse aufzunehmen:<sup id="cite_ref-MIDAS_Ord_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIDAS_Ord-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gtdb_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtdb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>

<p>Klasse <b>Thermococci <small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261921330">
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</style><span class="Person h-card">Zillig &amp; Reysenbach</span> 2002</small></b><br>mit Synonym <b>Protoarchaea <small><span class="Person h-card"><a href="Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a></span> 2002</small></b><sup id="cite_ref-TCS2002_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCS2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li>Ordnung <b>Thermococcales <small><span class="Person h-card">Zillig</span> 1988</small></b>
<ul><li><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a> <b>Thermococcaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Zillig</span> 1988</small></b>
<ul><li><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a> <i>Palaeococcus</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Takai</span> <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. 2000</small>
<ul><li>Spezies <b><i>P. ferrophilus</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Takai</span> <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. 2000</small></b></li>
<li>Spezies <i>P. helgesonii</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Amend</span> <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. 2006</small></li>
<li>Spezies <i>P. pacificus</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Zeng</span> <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. 2013</small></li></ul></li>
<li>Gattung <i><a href="Pyrococcus" title="Pyrococcus">Pyrococcus</a></i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Fiala &amp; <a href="Karl_Stetter" title="Karl Stetter">Stetter</a></span> 1986</small>
<ul><li>Spezies „<i>P. abyssi</i>“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Erauso</span> <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. 1993</small></li>
<li>Spezies <b><i><a href="Pyrococcus_furiosus" title="Pyrococcus furiosus">P. furiosus</a></i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Fiala &amp; <a href="Karl_Stetter" title="Karl Stetter">Stetter</a></span> 1986</small></b></li>
<li>Spezies <i>P. glycovorans</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Barbier</span> <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. 1999</small></li>
<li>Spezies <i>P. orikoshii</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">González</span> <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. 1999</small></li>
<li>Spezies <i>P. kukulkanii</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Callac</span> <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. 2016</small></li>
<li>Spezies <i>P. woesei</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Zillig</span> 1988</small><sup id="cite_ref-Zillig1987_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zillig1987-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Spezies <i>P. yayanosii</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Birrien</span> <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. 2011</small></li></ul></li>
<li>Gattung <b><i><a href="Thermococcus" title="Thermococcus">Thermococcus</a></i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Zillig</span> 1983</small></b> – Details siehe dort<br>inkl. der in der <a href="GTDB" class="mw-redirect" title="GTDB">GTDB</a> abgespaltenen Gattungen <i>Thermococcus_A</i>, <i>Thermococcus_B</i>, <i>Thermococcus_C</i></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><span id="Methanofastidiosales"></span>?Ordnung Methanofastidiosales<sup id="cite_ref-MIDAS_Ord_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIDAS_Ord-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<ul><li>Familie Methanofastidiosaceae<sup id="cite_ref-MIDAS_Gen_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIDAS_Gen-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fazi2021_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fazi2021-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<ul><li>Gattung <i>Ca.</i> Methanofastidiosum<sup id="cite_ref-MIDAS_Gen_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIDAS_Gen-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alias Arc&nbsp;I group oder WSA2 group<sup id="cite_ref-Nobu2016_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobu2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<ul><li>Spezies <b><i>Ca.</i> M. methylthiophilum <small><span class="Person h-card">Nobu</span> <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. 2016</small></b> (mit Schreibvariante <b><i>Ca.</i> M. methylthiophilus</b>) inkl. Arc&nbsp;I group archaeon ADurb1013_Bin02101</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
<p>Typus-Taxa sind fett hervorgehoben.
Abgesehen von der Gattung <i>Ca.</i> Methanofastidiosum sind hier nur als gesichert gelistete Spezies angegeben.
</p><p>Eine alternative Zuordnung der Gattung <i>Ca.</i> Methanofastidiosum geschieht nach LPSN und NCBI in eine eigene Klasse <i>Ca.</i> Methanofastidiosa <small>corrig. <span class="Person h-card">Nobu</span> <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. 2016</small>, <a href="Klade" title="Klade">Klade</a> Stenosarchaea <small><span class="Person h-card">Aouad</span> <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. 2018</small> innerhalb der Euryarchaeota.<sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_Methanofastidiosa_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN_Methanofastidiosa-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_Methanofastidiosa_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_Methanofastidiosa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viren">Viren</h2></div>
<p>Bis 2012 wurden Archaeen der Familie Thermococcaceae nur zwei <a href="Viren" title="Viren">Viren</a> isoliert:<sup id="cite_ref-Gorlas2012_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorlas2012-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li>Thermococcus prieurii virus 1 (TPV1), Wirt: <i><a href="Thermococcus" title="Thermococcus">Thermococcus prieurii</a></i> Stamm Bio-pl-0405IT2<sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_TPV1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_TPV1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Pyrococcus abyssi virus 1 (PAV1), Wirt: „<i><a href="Pyrococcus" title="Pyrococcus">Pyrococcus abyssi</a></i>“ Stamm GE23<sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_PAV1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_PAV1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<p>Die TPV1-<a href="Virion" title="Virion">Partikel</a> haben eine zitronenförmige Morphologie (140&nbsp;<a href="Meter#nm" title="Meter">nm</a> × 80&nbsp;nm). TPV1 könnte wie auch PAV1 zu der Virusfamilie <i><a href="Fuselloviridae" title="Fuselloviridae">Fuselloviridae</a></i> angehören.
TPV1 enthält eine doppelsträngige zirkuläre DNA von 21,5&nbsp;<a href="Basenpaar" title="Basenpaar">kbp</a>, dieses Genom umfasst nach Vorhersage 28 Gene.
Die Infektion mit TPV1 verursacht keine <a href="Lyse_(Biologie)" title="Lyse (Biologie)">Lyse</a> des <a href="Wirt_(Biologie)" title="Wirt (Biologie)">Wirts</a>, die Virusreplikation kann durch UV-Bestrahlung ausgelöst werden.<sup id="cite_ref-Gorlas2012_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorlas2012-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anwendungen">Anwendungen</h2></div>

<p>Die <i>pfu</i>-<a href="DNA-Polymerase" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA-Polymerase">DNA-Polymerase</a> (isoliert aus <i>Pyrocccus furiosus</i>) und die <i>Vent</i>-DNA-Polymerase (isoliert aus <i>Thermococcus litoralis</i>) sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Hitzebeständigkeit (Thermotoleranz) und ihrer Proofreading-Aktivität gut geeignet für all jene Anwendungen, bei denen geringe Fehlerraten beim Nukleotideinbau wichtig sind. Sie werden daher heute bei der <a href="PCR" class="mw-redirect" title="PCR">PCR</a>-Analytik bevorzugt gegenüber Polymerasen aus den Bakterienspezies <i><a href="Thermus_aquaticus" title="Thermus aquaticus">Thermus aquaticus</a></i> und <i><a href="Thermus_thermophilus" title="Thermus thermophilus">Thermus thermophilus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SdW_LdB_Taq-Polymerase_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SdW_LdB_Taq-Polymerase-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Carl R. Woese, Otto Kandler, Mark L. Wheelis: <cite style="font-style:italic">Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>87</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>12</span>, 1990, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4576–4579</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576">10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2112744?dopt=Abstract">PMID 2112744</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54159/">PMC&nbsp;54159</a> (freier Volltext), <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PNAS...87.4576W">1990PNAS...87.4576W</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Thermococci&amp;rft.atitle=Towards+a+natural+system+of+organisms%3A+proposal+for+the+domains+Archaea%2C+Bacteria%2C+and+Eucarya&amp;rft.au=Carl+R.+Woese%2C+Otto+Kandler%2C+Mark+L.+Wheelis&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.87.12.4576&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+USA&amp;rft.pages=4576-4579&amp;rft.pmc=54159&amp;rft.pmid=2112744&amp;rft.volume=87" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><a href="Christian_Rinke" title="Christian Rinke">Christian Rinke</a>, Maria Chuvochina, A.&nbsp;J. Mussig, Pierre-Alain Chaumeil, David W. Waite, W.&nbsp;B. Whitman, Donovan H. Parks, Philip Hugenholtz: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.972265v2">A rank-normalized archaeal taxonomy based on genome phylogeny resolves widespread incomplete and uneven classifications</a>, auf: <a href="Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory" title="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory">CSH</a> <a href="BioRxiv" title="BioRxiv">BioRxiv</a>, 3. März 2020, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.01.972265" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1101/2020.03.01.972265">doi:10.1101/2020.03.01.972265</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meta.org/papers/a-rank-normalized-archaeal-taxonomy-based-on/990972265">Meta.org</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339684170_A_rank-normalized_archaeal_taxonomy_based_on_genome_phylogeny_resolves_widespread_incomplete_and_uneven_classifications">ResearchGate</a> (Preprint)</li>
<li>Matteo Cossu, Violette Da Cunha, Claire Toffano-Nioche, <a href="Patrick_Forterre" title="Patrick Forterre">Patrick Forterre</a>, Jacques Oberto: <i>Comparative genomics reveals conserved positioning of essential genomic clusters in highly rearranged Thermococcales chromosomes.</i> In: <i>Biochimie</i>, Band 118, November 2015, S.&nbsp;313–321; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.008" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.008">doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.008</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4640148/">PMC&nbsp;4640148</a> (freier Volltext), <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26166067?dopt=Abstract">PMID 26166067</a>, <a href="ResearchGate" class="mw-redirect" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280061037">280061037</a> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thermococci?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Thermococci</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-LPSN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_1-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="LPSN" class="mw-redirect" title="LPSN">LPSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/class/thermococci"><i>Thermococci</i> Zillig and Reysenbach 2002</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-gtdb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-gtdb_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-gtdb_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-gtdb_2-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Genome Database (GTDB): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/tree?r=c__Thermococci">Thermococci</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Zillig2001-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zillig2001_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zillig2001_3-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="Wolfram_Zillig" title="Wolfram Zillig">Wolfram Zillig</a>, Anna-Louise Reysenbach: <cite style="font-style:italic">Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria</cite>. Hrsg.: David R. Boone, Richard W. Castenholz. 2nd Auflage. Springer Verlag, New York 2001, ISBN 0-387-98771-1, Class IV (sic) [V]. Thermococci class. nov., <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>169</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/169">archive.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abookitem&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Thermococci&amp;rft.atitle=Class+IV+%28sic%29+%5BV%5D.+Thermococci+class.+nov.&amp;rft.au=Wolfram+Zillig%2C+Anna-Louise+Reysenbach&amp;rft.btitle=Bergey%27s+Manual+of+Systematic+Bacteriology+Volume+1%3A+The+Archaea+and+the+deeply+branching+and+phototrophic+Bacteria&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=0387987711&amp;rft.pages=169&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-TCS2002-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-TCS2002_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-TCS2002_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Thomas Cavalier-Smith</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-52-1-7">The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification</a>. In: Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., Band 52, Nr.&nbsp;Pt&nbsp;1, Januar 2002, S.&nbsp;7–76, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-52-1-7" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7">doi:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11837318?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11837318</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Garrity2001-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Garrity2001_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
George M. Garrity, John G. Holt: <cite style="font-style:italic">Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria</cite>. Hrsg.: D.&nbsp;R. Boone, R. W. Castenholz. 2. Auflage. Springer Verlag, New York 2001, ISBN 0-387-98771-1, Phylum AII. Euryarchaeota phy. nov., <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>169</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/169">archive.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abookitem&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Thermococci&amp;rft.atitle=Phylum+AII.+Euryarchaeota+phy.+nov.&amp;rft.au=George+M.+Garrity%2C+John+G.+Holt&amp;rft.btitle=Bergey%27s+Manual+of+Systematic+Bacteriology+Volume+1%3A+The+Archaea+and+the+deeply+branching+and+phototrophic+Bacteria&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.edition=2&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=0387987711&amp;rft.pages=169&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_6-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&amp;id=183968&amp;lvl=3&amp;srchmode=1">Thermococci</a> und <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=183968">Thermococci Zillig and Reysenbach 2002</a> (class); graphisch: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lifemap-ncbi.univ-lyon1.fr/?tid=183968">Thermococci</a>, auf: LifeMap NCBI Version.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-OneZoom-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OneZoom_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onezoom.org/life.html/@Thermococci=921413">Thermococci</a>, auf: <a href="OneZoom" title="OneZoom">OneZoom</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-WoRMS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WoRMS_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WoRMS_8-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="WoRMS" class="mw-redirect" title="WoRMS">WoRMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=416265">Thermococci</a> (Bitte den Schalter „marine only“ deaktivieren)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Slobodkina2012-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Slobodkina2012_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Slobodkina2012_9-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">G.&nbsp;B. Slobodkina (Г.&nbsp;Б. Слободкина): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento a{color:inherit}


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</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090949/http://www.nauka-shop.com/mod/shop/productID/29549/">Молекулярная детекция представителей гипертермофильных архей и характеристика архейной термостабильной ДНК-полимеразы Архивировано</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> des <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nauka-shop.com%2Fmod%2Fshop%2FproductID%2F29549%2F">Originals</a></span> vom 9. Mai 2012 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) <small class="archiv-bot"><span class="wp_boppel noviewer" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="i"></span></span></span>&nbsp;<b>Info:</b> Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.</small><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://IABotmemento.invalid/http://www.nauka-shop.com/mod/shop/productID/29549/">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nauka-shop.com/mod/shop/productID/29549/">@2</a></span><span style="display:none">Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.nauka-shop.com</span> (Molecular detection of representatives of hyperthermophilic archaea and characterization of archaeal thermostable DNA polymerase), Dissertation im Bereich Biowissenschaften, 2005, 188 Seiten, archiviert/Epub 9. März 2012, (<a href="Russische_Sprache" title="Russische Sprache">russisch</a>)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Fiala1986-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fiala1986_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Gerhard Fiala, <a href="Karl_Stetter" title="Karl Stetter">Karl O. Stetter</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00413027"><i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> sp. nov. represents a novel genus of marine heterotrophic archaebacteria growing optimally at 100°C</a>. In: Archives of Microbiology, Band 145, Juni 1986, S.&nbsp;56–61, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00413027" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/BF00413027">doi:10.1007/BF00413027</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Marguet2013-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Marguet2013_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Evelyne Marguet, Marie Gaudin, Emilie Gauliard, Isabelle Fourquaux, Stephane le Blond du Plou, Ikuo Matsui, <a href="Patrick_Forterre" title="Patrick Forterre">Patrick Forterre</a>: <i>Membrane vesicles, nanopods and/or nanotubes produced by hyperthermophilic archaea of the genus “Thermococcus”.</i> In: <i>Biochem Soc Trans.</i> Band 41, Nr.&nbsp;1, 29. Januar 2013, S.&nbsp;436–442. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portlandpress.com/biochemsoctrans/article-abstract/41/1/436/68280/Membrane-vesicles-nanopods-and-or-nanotubes">(portlandpress.com)</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20120293" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1042/BST20120293">doi:10.1042/BST20120293</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23356325?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23356325</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Jolivet2003-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jolivet2003_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmond Jolivet, Stéphane L'Haridon, Erwan Corre, <a href="Patrick_Forterre" title="Patrick Forterre">Patrick Forterre</a>, Daniel Prieur: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02503-0"><i>Thermococcus gammatolerans</i> sp. nov., a hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent that resists ionizing radiation</a>. In: Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., Band 53, Nr.&nbsp;Pt&nbsp;3, Mai 2003, S.&nbsp;847–851, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02503-0" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02503-0">doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02503-0</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12807211?dopt=Abstract">PMID 12807211</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Miroshnichenko1998-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Miroshnichenko1998_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Margarita L. Miroshnichenko, Gregory M. Gongadze, Fred A. Rainey, Alla S. Kostyukova, Anatoly M. Lysenko, Nikolai Alexeevitch Chernyh, Elizaveta A. Bonch-Osmolovskaya: <i>Thermococcus gorgonarius sp. nov. and Thermococcus pacificus sp. nov.: heterotrophic extremely thermophilic archaea from New Zealand submarine hot vents.</i> In: <i>Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.</i> Band 48, Nr.&nbsp;Pt&nbsp;1, 1. Januar 1998, S.&nbsp;23–29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-48-1-23">(microbiologyresearch.org)</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-48-1-23" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1099/00207713-48-1-23">doi:10.1099/00207713-48-1-23</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9542072?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9542072</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Amend2003-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Amend2003_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jan P. Amend, D'Arcy R. Meyer-Dombard, Seema N. Sheth, Natalya Zolotova, Andrea C. Amend: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00203-003-0542-7"><i>Palaeococcus helgesonii</i> sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a geothermal well on Vulcano Island, Italy</a>. In: Archives of Microbiology, Band 179, Nr.&nbsp;6, April/Juni 2003, S.&nbsp;394–401, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-003-0542-7" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/s00203-003-0542-7">doi:10.1007/s00203-003-0542-7</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Rogers2006-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rogers2006_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K.&nbsp;L. Rogers, Jan P. Amend: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4669.2006.00064.x">Archaeal diversity and geochemical energy yields in a geothermal well on Vulcano Island, Italy</a>. In: Geobiolog, Band 3, Nr.&nbsp;4, Oktober 2005/3. März 2006, S.&nbsp;319–332, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4669.2006.00064.x" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2006.00064.x">doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2006.00064.x</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Nobu2016-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Nobu2016_16-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Nobu2016_16-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Nobu2016_16-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Masaru Konishi Nobu, Takashi Narihiro, Kyohei Kuroda, Ran Mei, Wen-Tso Liu: <i>Chasing the elusive Euryarchaeota class WSA2: genomes reveal a uniquely fastidious methyl-reducing methanogen.</i> In: <i><a href="Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a>.</i> ISME Journal, Band 10, Nr.&nbsp;10, Oktober 2016, S.&nbsp;2478​–2487. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ismej201633v">nature.com</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2016.33" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1038/ismej.2016.33">doi:10.1038/ismej.2016.33</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5030686/">PMC&nbsp;5030686</a> (freier Volltext). <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26943620?dopt=Abstract">PMID 26943620</a>, Epub 4. März 2016.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-LPSN_Methanofastidiosa-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_Methanofastidiosa_17-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_Methanofastidiosa_17-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="LPSN" class="mw-redirect" title="LPSN">LPSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/methanofastidiosum">Genus "<i>Candidatus</i> Methanofastidiosum"</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI_Methanofastidiosa-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_Methanofastidiosa_18-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_Methanofastidiosa_18-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=2666130&amp;lvl=3&amp;srchmode=1">"Candidatus Methanofastidiosum" Nobu et&nbsp;al. 2016</a> (genus); graphisch: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lifemap-ncbi.univ-lyon1.fr/?tid=2666130">Candidatus Methanofastidiosum</a>, auf: LifeMap NCBI Version.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-MIDAS_Ord-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MIDAS_Ord_19-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MIDAS_Ord_19-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Midas: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.midasfieldguide.org/guide/search/filter/order/Methanofastidiosales">Methanofastidiosales</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Zillig1987-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zillig1987_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="Wolfram_Zillig" title="Wolfram Zillig">Wolfram Zillig</a>, Ingelore Holz, Hans-Peter Klenk, Jonathan Trent, Simon Wunderl, Davorin Janekovic, Erwin Imsel, Birgit Haas: <i>​</i>Pyrococcus woesei<i>, sp. nov., an ultra-thermophilic marine Archaebacterium, representing a novel order, Thermococcales.</i> In: <i>Syst. Appl. Microbiol.</i> Band 9, Nr.&nbsp;1–2, Februar 1987, S.&nbsp;62–70; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0723-2020(87)80057-7" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(87)80057-7">doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(87)80057-7</a>, <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987SyApM...9...62Z/abstract" class="extiw external" title="bibcode:1987SyApM...9...62Z">bibcode:1987SyApM...9...62Z</a> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-MIDAS_Gen-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MIDAS_Gen_21-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MIDAS_Gen_21-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Midas: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.midasfieldguide.org/guide/fieldguide/genus/ca_methanofastidiosum">Genus: <i>Candidatus</i> Methanofastidiosum</a>. Alternative Names: WCHA1–57. Microbial Database for Activated Sludge and Anaerobic Digesters, <a href="Universit%C3%A4t_Aalborg" title="Universität Aalborg">Universität Aalborg</a> (AAU), <a href="D%C3%A4nemark" title="Dänemark">Dänemark</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Fazi2021-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fazi2021_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stefano Fazi <i>et&nbsp;al</i>.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-021-02365-x">High concentrations of dissolved biogenic methane associated with cyanobacterial blooms in East African lake surface water</a>. In: <a href="Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a> Communications, Band 4, Nr.&nbsp;845, 7. Juli 2021, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02365-x" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02365-x">doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02365-x</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Gorlas2012-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gorlas2012_23-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gorlas2012_23-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Aurore Gorlas, <a href="Eugene_V._Koonin" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene V. Koonin">Eugene V. Koonin</a>, Nadège Bienvenu, Daniel Prieur, Claire Geslin: <i>TPV1, the first virus isolated from the hyperthermophilic genus </i>Thermococcus<i>.</i> In: <i>Environmental Microbiology</i>, Special Issue: <i>Taxonomy and Biodiversity</i>, Band 14, Nr.&nbsp;2, Februar 2012, S.&nbsp;503–516; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02662.x" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02662.x">doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02662.x</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22151304?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22151304</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5935114/">PMC&nbsp;5935114</a> (freier Volltext) (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>). Dazu:
<ul><li>F. Orange, A. Chabin, Aurore Gorlas, S. Lucas-Staat, Claire Geslin, M. Le Romancer, David Prangishvili, <a href="Patrick_Forterre" title="Patrick Forterre">Patrick Forterre</a>, F. Westall: <i>Experimental fossilisation of viruses from extremophilic Archaea.</i> In: <i>Biogeosciences Discuss.</i> Band 8, 4. März 2011, S.&nbsp;2235–2257; <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-2235-2011" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.5194/bgd-8-2235-2011">doi:10.5194/bgd-8-2235-2011</a> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>).</li></ul>
</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI_TPV1-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_TPV1_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> Taxonomy Browser: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=1115696">Thermococcus prieurii virus 1</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI_PAV1-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_PAV1_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> Taxonomy Browser: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=425386">Pyrococcus abyssi virus 1</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SdW_LdB_Taq-Polymerase-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SdW_LdB_Taq-Polymerase_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/taq-dna-polymerase/65425">Taq-DNA-Polymerase</a>. Lexikon der Biologie auf <a href="Spektrum.de" title="Spektrum.de">spektrum.de</a>, 1999.</span>
</li>
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